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UDP - User Datagram Protocol

protocol description, packet/header structure and more
2005-05-30 (updated: 2009-11-09) by
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Description

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core Internet protocols. UDP is lightweight, faster and more efficient for many purposes, however it does not guarantee packets will arrive at the destination, does not provide some of the TCP guarantees, such as packet retransmission, ordering, etc. Common network applications that use UDP include DNS, SNMP, DHCP, RIP, streaming media applications, Voice over IP, TFTP, and online games.

UDP is a stateless connectionless transport protocol, offering only minimal transport layer service. It does not guarantee packet delivery, it only adds multiplexing by port number and a checksum. Unlike TCP, UDP does not handle retransmission of packets, packetization and reassembly, flow control, congestion avoidance, etc.

 

 

UDP Header structure

bits 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
0 Source port Destination port
32 Length Checksum
64
....
Data (variable length)

 

Source port - 16 bits (optional)

Port number of the sender. Should be zero if not used. Should be assumed to be the port to reply to if needed.

Destination port - 16 bits

The destination port this packet is addressed to. This field is required.

Length - 16 bits

The length in bytes of the UDP header and encapsulated data.

Checksum - 16 bits (optional)

16-bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of a pseudo header of information from the IP header, the UDP header, and the data, padded (as needed) with zero bytes at the end to make a multiple of two bytes. The checksum is not optional when transported by IPv6.

Data - variable length

 

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